CHILE Y EL TPP: ¿Hasta cuándo los ciudadanos seremos engañados e ignorados?
Por Pablo Rodríguez Arias, Coordinador de Servicios y Contenidos, FOJUCC A.C.
Nuestro “democrático y ciudadano” gobierno firmó el acuerdo comercial más grande y secreto que conoce la historia mundial: el famoso TPP.
El Acuerdo Trans-Pacífico de cooperación económico (Trans-Pacific Partership en inglés) se origina hace ya varios años, en un primer momento entre cuatro países (Chile, Nueva Zelanda, Brunei y Singapur), para luego, con la incorporación de Estados Unidos (2008) transformarse en el tratado económico internacional más grande (reúne alrededor del 40% del PIB mundial). Este acuerdo ha estado caracterizado por muchas cosas, entre ellas su enorme secretismo (siendo conocido sólo a través de filtraciones que Wikileaks); su profundo corte neoliberal; y la hegemonía estadounidense en la construcción de los distintos capítulos. Particularmente, para Chile este tratado no significa ningún avance en cuanto a generar vínculos comerciales con otros países, dado que con todos los países que componen el TPP nuestro país ya tiene tratado de libre comercio vigente; pero sí implica la profundización en algunas temáticas bien específicas que Chile no ha querido negociar (principalmente con USA en el TLC del año 2003) y que, esta vez, según los trascendidos extraoficiales (porque todo es secreto) no tuvo otra opción, como por ejemplo en patentes farmacéuticas, propiedad intelectual, medio ambiente, derechos digitales, revisión externa de legislaciones que regulen mercados (una especie de cesión de soberanía).
Acá es donde quiero detenerme a reflexionar sobre hacia dónde nos estamos dirigiendo. Personalmente participé en un Foro internacional sobre los “Consumidores en la Era Digital y de la Información” en abril del año 2014 en Chiang Mai, Tailandia, donde precisamente expuse sobre el TPP y los impactos en Chile, ya advirtiendo, en esa parte del mundo, lo riesgoso que sería para los consumidores que un gobierno, particularmente el nuestro, lo aprobara y permitiera la profundización de un modelo económico egoísta, avaro y vulneratorio de los derechos de los consumidores, y en general, los Derechos Humanos. Recuerdo que aquella vez, muchos de los presentes (gran parte de ellos habitantes de Asia) no entendían cómo un acuerdo de esta magnitud y estas características podía ser secreto y sin participación siquiera de los congresistas de nuestro país. Mi respuesta fue: “en nuestro país a nadie importa porque ningún medio de comunicación se ha hecho cargo; la sociedad civil aún es débil en su impacto; y el gobierno no quiere dar participación en las negociaciones”.
Se hizo el intento, luego que la ONG Derechos Digitales, desde una postura letrada, crítica y totalmente activista, luchara por mayor transparencia, que la Dirección General de Relaciones Económicas Internacionales (DIRECON) abriera un “cuarto adjunto” que finalmente sólo era un espacio enunciativo, sin participación ni profundización de las informaciones. El asunto es que este TPP avanzó en sus negociaciones de manera silenciosa hasta lograr su firma esta semana, situación que a todos los preocupa y nos afecta. Cabe recordar que el 08 de diciembre de 2013, 34 diputados, 15 senadores y varios actores de la sociedad civil (de los cuales fui parte) pidieron detener y transparentar el acuerdo (dado que en esa época ya se estaba por firmar), llamado que la Presidenta Bachelet, el 09 de diciembre del mismo año, dijo acoger y comprometerse a revisarlo nuevamente. Sin embargo, su promesa sólo se tradujo en un cuarto adjunto y ninguna posibilidad de proteger nuestros derechos.
Este TPP, de lo que se conoce, tiene varias consecuencias negativas, entre ellas: limitar nuestros derechos humanos en el uso de internet, buscando convertir a los proveedores de acceso a internet en los responsables de censurar contenidos unilateralmente; endurecer las sanciones a las infracciones del derecho de autor, penalizando más severamente incluso con desconexión o cárcel (prácticas hoy comunes, como postearle un video a un amigo, podría desaparecer); obstaculizar el acceso a medicamentos genéricos, expandiendo el plazo de protección de las patentes de medicamentos significando mayores trabas para la fabricación de genéricos; amenaza de datos personales, facilitando el intercambio con otro países de nuestros datos personales; se prohibirá el “derecho de importación”, no pudiendo traer productos de otros países o comprarlos en plataformas on line sin autorización del titular del derecho; posibilidad de que empresas demanden a los Estados ante un tribunal comercial internacional por “introducir nuevas leyes que protejan al consumidor pero que dañen sus negocios”… todo esto, ¿te parece un avance?
Acá es momento de alzar la voz y movilizarnos. No podemos permitir que en la última oportunidad que se nos presenta, donde Diputados y Senadores deben ratificar este tratado internacional, no se nos escuche y no se nos permita decidir nuestro futuro. Es por lo mismo que varias organizaciones sociales, internacionales, académicas, parlamentarios e incluso empresas están promoviendo participación y que enfáticamente NO SE APRUEBE EL TPP. Por eso únete, como nosotros, a redes como #TPPAbierto o #ChileMejorSinTPP, o tú mismo organízate y manifiesta tu posición sobre tan dañino acuerdo.
¡Construyamos mejor y más democracia y soberanía!
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