La falsa disyuntiva del canciller: Proteccionismo versus Libre Comercio
El encuentro de representantes de Comercio exterior de los países suscriptores del fracasado TPP en la ciudad de Viña del Mar,los días 14 y 15 de marzo, demuestra que la agenda de comercio exterior del canciller Heraldo Muñoz y del gobierno, es la agenda de las grandes Corporaciones Transnacionales y de los intereses de los grandes grupos económicos y financieros chilenos.
No es la agenda del pueblo chileno que requiere y busca un comercio justo y de una integración no sólo de mercados y de capitales, sino que una integración productiva, sustentable e incluyente de Chile con América Latina y el Caribe y el mundo. Con su convocatoria ,Muñoz defiende un ficticio «libre comercio» como el que nos pretendió imponer con el TPP en favor las Corporaciones Transnacionales privadas y de grupos financieros. Un fracasado y contestado hoy se pretende reactivar sin ninguna claridad con la reunión de Viña.
Asistidos y reforzados por el auspicio y aval de la prensa empresarial y Mercurial, la convocatoria de Muñoz pretende confundir a la ciudadanía al plantear una falsa dicotomía entre el «proteccionismo» de países del Norte rico como el que promueve Trump, contraponiéndolo a un ficticio «libre comercio» en versión neoliberal, el que es también impulsado por los países desarrollados del Norte. Este modelo de libre comercio vía TPP es el que Muñoz pretende hacernos creer que sería integración e incluso que ello sería facilitador de la integración latinoamericana. Nada de eso es así.
Estamos en contra del TPP que se pretende reflotar, que es el equivalente multilateral a los nefastos Tratados de Libre Comercio TLC y al ALCA impulsado por Bush. Estos Tratados bajo hegemonía de EEUU y de sus corporaciones le han hecho mucho daño a las y los trabajadores de Chile, a las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas en favor de los grupos económicos financieros y transnacionales. Han debilitando nuestra soberanía económica y nuestra casi inexistente capacidad de desarrollo productivo e industrial.
«Proteccionismo» al servicio de sectores del gran capital en los países ricos y «libre comercio» al servicio de los grandes grupos y corporaciones transnacionales, son dos caras de una misma moneda. Son las dos caras de un conflicto de ajuste y re direccionalidad y disputa de hegemonía en el seno del capitalismo globalizado y por tanto, es una falsa disyuntiva para los países del sur, incluyendo a Chile.
Para nosotros la verdadera disyuntiva es impulsar y edificar un comercio e intercambio más justo, equitativo y sustentable. Que ponga en el centro el valor justo del trabajo y de la creación productiva y que reduzca las asimetrías y la concentración y especulación del capital. Que combata a los monopolios en el comercio y en la producción. Y que reduzca en las relaciones de producción y en el comercio la concentración de la propiedad privada en desmedro de la propiedad pública en nuestros países para incidir en la correlación y el balance global entre los países del norte y del sur en desarrollo.
Quienes impulsan la apertura comercial desde la visión neoliberal pretenden aprovechar el contexto latinoamericano de debilidad coyuntural de las fuerzas progresistas y de las izquierdas en la región, (situación que tiene impacto en los Organismos Multilaterales de Integración como UNASUR, MERCOSUR y la CELAC) para avanzar en su objetivo de fortalecer la concepción neoliberal del libre comercio profundizando y relanzando los TPP,TLC’S y la Alianza del Pacifico.
Desde las derechas políticas, económicas y financieras en Brasil y el continente se impulsó un ilegitimo golpe en Brasil con Temer. Celebraron el triunfo de la derecha Argentina con Mauricio Macri y el bloqueo perpetrado contra Venezuela en el MERCOSUR. En geopolítica las derechas no esconden sus objetivos como bien lo declara Lasso el candidato de los banqueros y empresarios a la presidencia en el Ecuador: «Nuestro objetivo es sumar al Ecuador a la Alianza del Pacifico”
En este contexto, el proponer, cómo lo hace el canciller Heraldo Muñoz una supuesta confluencia entre MERCOSUR y la Alianza del Pacífico resulta una falacia y un engaño, pues lo que se busca con ello, es debilitar la integración sudamericana extendiendo los acuerdos de «libre comercio», impulsados por todas las administraciones de EEUU (Republicanas y Demócratas) política a la cual los gobiernos Concertacionistas, el de Piñera y el actual han adherido y se han subordinado siempre. La adhesión de Chile a UNASUR y a la CELAC es retorica y no real pues siempre ha privilegiado en materia comercial la lógica neoliberal extrema de «apertura de mercados», agenda comercial que en lo central siempre ha estado subordinada al servicio de los grupos económicos chilenos y de las Corporaciones Transnacionales.
Los TLC que Chile ha suscrito, particularmente con EEUU, benefician a pocos, aumentan la concentración del capital en el intercambio, en las exportaciones y concentran por tanto la propiedad y beneficios en pocos grupos y de manera subordinada en las grandes corporaciones transnacionales. Es este el enfoque dominante que se establece en la Alianza del Pacifico, lo que fomenta las privatizaciones y las desregulaciones globales, profundizándose el empobrecimiento del valor del trabajo para seguir exportando materias primas subordinados a las grandes corporaciones trasnacionales bajo la hegemonía de los Estados Unidos y de Europa, particularmente de sus grupos financieros y económicos. Es esta lógica que se pretende dinamizar en el encuentro de en Viña del Mar.
Nosotros desde Chile Mejor sin TPP y desde el mundo social la rechazamos. Llamamos a movilizarse a la ciudadanía chilena pues queremos que Chile y sus instituciones se comprometan a impulsar un cambio de fondo en nuestra política de comercio exterior. Se comprometa con la lucha por un comercio equitativo y justo y una verdadera integración Latinoamericana con lógica productiva e industrial y no sólo de mercado.
Por eso decimos NO a relanzar o reflotar el TPP en cualquier formato que se pretenden presentar en el encuentro de Viña del Mar.
Esteban Silva Cuadra
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