Las dudas que marcan tramitación del TPP en los países firmantes
Los países integrantes del acuerdo se mantienen cautelosos ante su aprobación previo a las elecciones en Estados Unidos. Las autoridades de gobierno de las economías con menor PIB per cápita insisten en no precipitar las tramitaciones legislativas respecto del tratado.
Por Natalia Figueroa
Si bien la aprobación del Acuerdo de Asociación Transpacífico (TPP) depende en mayor medida de la ratificación de los dos países con mayor PIB per cápita que lo integran, Estados Unidos y Japón, durante estas últimas semanas ha habido anuncios legislativos importantes de los otros diez países miembros de este tratado internacional.
En Vietnam el acuerdo no ingresará al Congreso durante lo que resta del año. Según informó la presidenta de la Asamblea Nacional de ese país, Nguyen Thi Kim Ngan, no se precipitará la ratificación del acuerdo esperando el resultado de Estados Unidos porque dependería de la decisión final del Comité Central del Partido Comunista. Los defensores del acuerdo han apuntado que Vietnam sería uno de los países más beneficiados con este tratado dada la integración económica que supone.
Mientras, en América Latina, el 23 de septiembre pasado, Perú inició su tramitación legislativa luego que en julio, y a pocos días de dejar su cargo, el ex presidente Ollanta Humala aprobara el envío del proyecto al Congreso. “Lo que ha hecho ahora Pedro Pablo Kuczynski es seguir la misma línea que venía trabajando el gobierno anterior e ingresar a el proyecto a trámite esperando su ratificación (…) El cerco mediático sobre el tema aquí en Perú es gigantesco, ningún diario habla de esto e incluso los parlamentarios de izquierda evitan referirse al tema”, comentó el integrante del movimiento No más TPP en ese país, Juan Carlos Valdivieso.
Una de las principales preocupaciones que manifestó se relaciona con la falta de referencia en este tratado a los derechos colectivos de las comunidades indígenas y campesinas. Esto, considerando que cerca el 49 por ciento de los territorios peruanos corresponde a estas zonas. “Cualquier petrolera u otra empresa podría invadir el territorio sin reconocer la soberanía existente”, recalcó.
Además, manifestó que muy pocos parlamentarios han abordado el tema. Una situación que preocupa considerando que se necesita más de un tercio del Congreso para rechazar el acuerdo, es decir, poco más de 50 legisladores. “Hasta ahora sólo dos parlamentarios se han mostrado contra el acuerdo. Se trata de Maritza Olave del Frente Amplio y Yohny Lescano de Acción Popular”, detalló.
En tanto, una delegación de Representantes de Comercio de Estados Unidos (USTR) visitó Chile durante la semana pasada para sostener reuniones con algunas autoridades de gobierno.
Según explicaron desde la plataforma Chile Mejor Sin TPP, se tratarían de instancias para hacer lobby y a la vez recabar información estratégica, por ejemplo sobre el sistema de protección de medicamentos o el sistema informático que maneja Chile.
La representante de la organización, Paulina Acevedo recalcó que existe cautela e incertidumbre a nivel internacional no sólo por la posición de Estados Unidos sino también por la falta de evidencia sobre los beneficios que generaría el acuerdo para los países firmantes.
En tanto, el senador de Renovación Nacional e integrante de la comisión de Relaciones Exteriores, Francisco Chahuán, insistió en que no van a renunciar a la soberanía legislativa ni a pasar por un tipo de “certificación” por parte de las autoridades de Estados Unidos. “Claramente acá se está renunciando a la soberanía de los parlamentarios y se está pidiendo legislar sobre materias que ni siquiera cuentan con la aprobación de estos senadores. Por ejemplo, nosotros no estamos disponibles para aprobar el UPOV 91 ni tampoco materias que dicen relación con patentes farmacéuticas”, subrayó.
Actualmente, Chile sostiene tratados bilaterales con la mayoría de los países integrantes de este nuevo acuerdo internacional que no adopta características estrictamente económicas. Por lo mismo, se ha cuestionado si efectivamente generaría mayores ventajas comparativas y beneficios respecto a los riesgos que han expuesto las diferentes comunidades y organizaciones opositoras a su aprobación.
Fuente: Diario Uchile
Las dudas que marcan tramitación del TPP en los países firmantes
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