México mejor sin TLCs: En la renegociación del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte se debe escuchar a la Ciudadanía
Convergencia de Organizaciones Sociales y Ciudadanxs “México mejor sin TLCs”
Desde sus orígenes conocemos del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN), hemos monitoreado sus impactos y hecho propuestas alternativas. Sobre la actual renegociación hace doce meses advertimos el riesgo de apresurarla y caer en la estrategia e intereses corporativos y políticos de los gobiernos respectivos, y propusimos posponerla hasta que hubiera un nuevo gobierno en México y después del proceso de renovación del Congreso en los Estados Unidos, para evitar caer entre las presiones e intereses electorales. En el caso de México, hemos sostenido que el gobierno de Enrique Peña Nieto ha carecido de legitimidad y representatividad para negociar en nuestro nombre. Es el nuevo gobierno electo, con la legitimidad política tras el triunfo electoral el que debe negociar una nueva agenda y relación de cooperación y complementación de América del Norte.
El primero de julio la mayoría de las mexicanas y mexicanos votamos por un cambio real. La renegociación del TLCAN es uno de los temas claves que atañe a recuperar soberanía nacional y acrecentar las posibilidades de bienestar a la población. La renegociación debe superar la orientación del actual TLCAN.
El TLCAN no es un simple acuerdo de circulación de mercancías es un tratado que establecerá obligaciones jurídicas así como de teoría y práctica económica para seguir limitando las facultades de los estados nacionales de regular la economía en función de un proyecto nacional y dejar como hasta ahora la dinámica de la economía y la sociedad a la ley de la oferta y demanda, bajo la lógica de maximizar la ganancia privada en prejuicio del bienestar social.
El nuevo gobierno debe reorientar a fondo el sentido de las negociaciones a fin de preservar los intereses fundamentales de un Estado nacional comprometido con el desarrollo nacional, independiente y soberano, en donde los derechos sociales, la justicia, la libertad y la democracia sean elementos indispensables de los que goce su población y estén garantizados en un tratado trinacional. De igual forma es indispensable eliminar las disposiciones jurídicamente vinculantes que subordinan nuestra soberanía y autodeterminación a los intereses de las empresas transnacionales, del gobierno de los Estados Unidos y a los tribunales extra nacionales en los que los hacen valer.
Vimos con beneplácito la disposición del nuevo gobierno mexicano de involucrarse en las negociaciones del TLCAN, pero no deja de sorprendernos una serie de declaraciones y acciones que poco o casi nada lo distinguen del gobierno que finaliza. Son de particular preocupación cuatro elementos:
- Que las negociaciones se mantengan orientadas por el mismo parámetro mercantilista y de limitar la capacidad de los Estados de promover un proyecto nacional de desarrollo.
- Que el equipo negociador designado por Enrique Peña Nieto continúe apresurando y manteniendo en secreto las negociaciones para cumplir con los noventa días del plazo mínimo legal de que dispone el actual congreso de los Estados Unidos para aprobar por vía rápida o “Fast Track” un “acuerdo en principio”, antes de que se realicen sus elecciones intermedias de noviembre de 2018. Acelerar las negociaciones solo beneficia a la estrategia electoral de Donald Trump para utilizar a conveniencia un acuerdo o no en la renegociación del TLCAN.
- Que los negociadores se hayan apegado a la estrategia definida por el gobierno de Donald Trump de negociar bilateralmente con el gobierno mexicano, ya que es el que muestra mayor disponibilidad de ceder a las condiciones impuestas a favor de los intereses norteamericanos.
- Que los gobiernos y los parlamentos ignoren y no estén comprometidos con realizar y resolver las controversias y contradicciones entre el modelo de los tratados de “libre comercio” y otros tratados multilaterales, entre ellos los compromisos adoptados en la Carta de la Organización de Naciones Unidas, de derechos humanos y medio ambiente que han sido adoptados por lo menos por dos de los tres gobiernos y que por tanto tienen carácter jurídicamente vinculante. Tratados que de acuerdo al derecho internacional, contienen disposiciones para prevalecer por razones de precedencia o por controversias entre tratados, sobre los acuerdos de carácter mercantil.
El pasado 3 de agosto el Dr. Jesús Seade Kuri, designado por el Presidente Electo, el licenciado Andrés Manuel López Obrador como jefe negociador del TLCAN declaro: “Soy cautelosamente optimista (de los avances logrados y de alcanzar un arreglo en las próximas semanas). Creo que se puede hacer, pero también puede haber problemas. Tenemos que ver”. De igual forma el Dr. Seade ha manifestado su complacencia con las propuestas de negociación del actual gobierno señalando que “técnicamente son las más idóneas”, el problema no es técnico, lo correcto técnicamente depende de los objetivos propuestos, el tipo de desarrollo que se busque y el modelo de inserción en el comercio internacional en favor de los intereses nacionales y de justicia social.
Las negociaciones hasta ahora han sido totalmente cerradas, sólo han consultado y permitido la participación de la elite empresarial nacional y transnacional. El nuevo gobierno debe abrir una amplia discusión con todos los sectores de la sociedad en esta etapa de la negociación y por supuesto sobre los textos negociados antes de enviarlo al Senado para su aprobación legislativa.
No hemos escuchado, ni se menciona ninguna de las numerosas propuestas constructivas que las organizaciones ciudadanas, sobre todo de la Convergencia México Mejor Sin TLCs, o la Coalición Trinacional de Organizaciones Ciudadanas (Canadá, EEUU, México), hemos hecho públicas y que se orientan a negociar un acuerdo de complementación económica y cooperación y no de competencia y explotación extrema entre desiguales. Un acuerdo que salvaguarde por encima de todo la protección y promoción de los derechos laborales y humanos, la seguridad social, la autosuficiencia alimentaria, la educación y la salud pública, la protección al medio ambiente, al igual que considerar las asimetrías en el desarrollo, el intercambio comercial desigual y los controles sobre el capital especulativo, negociando los mecanismos compensatorios y de control para resolverlos.
Es de elemental sensibilidad política escuchar y conocer las voces ciudadanas que también conocen de este gran tema geoestratégico. Hacemos un firme y respetuoso llamado al Presidente Electo Andrés Manuel López Obrador, a su equipo político de gobierno y a los Senadores electos, para realizar una urgente reunión de trabajo en la cual les haremos entrega nuevamente de nuestra plataforma de propuestas, a conversar y acordar sobre el reenfoque necesario de la renegociación del TLCAN, así como sobre la indispensable estrategia de información y consulta a los distintos sectores sociales y económicos que durante 24 años han sido afectados por las disposiciones del actual TLCAN.
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