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Porque el ministro Heraldo Muñoz ignoró consulta de pueblos indígenas | #NoalTPP: Organizaciones critican discurso de canciller de Chile en evento financiado por Rockefeller


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Entre las empresas que financiaron el encuentro están Barrick Gold, Monsanto y Pepsi Co., la misma que habría facilitado el dinero que permitió a Agustín Edwards formar la sociedad offshore Aladin Marine Corporation mencionada en los ‘Panama Papers’.


La plataforma ciudadana “Chile Mejor sin TPP”, que agrupa a diversas organizaciones de la sociedad civil en oposición al tratado de libre comercio que afecta áreas como acceso a medicamentos, protección del medioambiente y soberanía económica, se refirió al discurso realizado por el canciller Heraldo Muñoz en un foro auspiciado por el millonario estadounidense David Rockefeller.

El Ciudadano tomó contacto con Lucía Sepúlveda, vocera del movimiento, quien criticó la discriminación de aquellas voces que el ministro no estaría queriendo escuchar en la discusión del TPP.

El exclusivo encuentro anual del Americas Society/Council of the Americas al que Muñoz asistió fue realizado en Santiago de Chile a fines de abril y contó con la infaltable presencia de la ex banquera de JP Morgan y CEO de la entidad, Susan Segal, figura cercana a la presidenta Michelle Bachelet que tuvo un papel influyente en el TLC suscrito por Chile y EEUU durante el gobierno de Lagos.

Entre las empresas que financian la reunión están Barrick Gold, Monsanto y Pepsi Co., la misma que habría facilitado el dinero que permitió a Agustín Edwards formar la sociedad offshore Aladin Marine Corporation, esto según la versión que el apoderado del dueño de El Mercurio entregó a CIPER cuando su nombre apareció involucrado en la investigación de los ‘Panama Papers’.

Cumpliendo con el libreto de cada año para los ministros invitados al cónclave, que tras hablar en público suelen discutir con empresarios a puertas cerradas, tal como reconoció el propio titular de HaciendaRodrigo Valdés sobre las conversaciones que sostuvo con ejecutivos de Principal en Nueva York, cuartel central del Council, el ministro de Relaciones Exteriores abrió su exposición aplaudiendo la labor de Segal.

Tras reflexionar sobre el término del “ciclo de los comodities” y la manera en que Chile deberá enfrentar la coyuntura internacional, Muñoz repasó los numerosos acuerdos de apertura económica suscritos en democracia, deteniéndose en el último de ellos: el Acuerdo Transpacífico, conocido por sus siglas en inglés como TPP, cuyo texto somete las leyes nacionales al arbitrio de intereses comerciales foráneos, según denuncian detractores.

“Creemos que es un acuerdo balanceado, un acuerdo que va a traer beneficios para Chile, al mismo tiempo que resguarda nuestros sectores sensibles”, afirmó.

El ministro dijo que el gobierno había “negociado duro”, y prueba de ello era que “la última ronda de negociaciones se tuvo que extender tres días, porque Chile insistió en algunos puntos que eran fundamentales que teníamos que defender, particularmente en difusión de datos para productos farmacéuticos biológicos, donde conseguimos lo que Chile quería”.

Junto con indicar que el acuerdo favorecerá a la “agroindustria”, el canciller interpeló a quienes “preguntan por qué darle tanta importancia al TPP cuando ya tenemos acuerdos con los otros 11 socios”. Ante eso respondió que “la suma de estos acuerdos es mucho menos que este acuerdo (TPP), que es de nueva generación, que va a ser el estándar en materia de comercio, de servicios y de inversión para el siglo 21”.

Dando por sentado, hasta ese momento, que el parlamento ratificaría lo comprometido por Bachelet en el papel del tratado, Muñoz reconoció que “ahora vendrán las discusiones en el Congreso, la discusión democrática, que debe ser amplia y, por cierto, transparente”.

“Hemos sostenido numerosas consultas públicas sobre el TPP”, declaró. “Antes de la firma tuvimos un Cuarto Adjunto, donde estuvimos con empresarios y con la sociedad civil. Sostuvimos 55 reuniones con más de 100 actores de la sociedad civil, de modo que hemos sido transparentes en una negociación difícil, pero que ha terminado a nuestro juicio con éxito”.

La sostenida apertura al diálogo de Muñoz no es tal para las organizaciones agrupadas en la plataforma “Chile Mejor sin TPP”. Lucía Sepúlveda, vocera del movimiento, afirmó que las preocupaciones que habían “siguen estando desde que se publicó el tratado”.

“De ninguna manera se puede hablar de transparencia ni de participación”, sostuvo Sepúlveda refiriéndose la escasa de publicidad que se dio al denominado ‘Cuarto Adjunto’ y su nulo carácter vinculante para que la opinión de las organizaciones sociales llegara a incidir en la materia.

Por ejemplo, en el tema de salud, afirmó, “ellos dicen que no extendieron el plazo de patente de los medicamentos, pero sí se extendió por triquiñuelas administrativas y ahora hay otras formas de pasar por los cinco años (de extensión)”. Lo mismo respecto al terreno fértil que pondría el tratado para la adhesión final de Chile al UPOV91, iniciativa que permanece congelada pero que, en palabras de Sepúlveda, sólo espera que el TPP esté en pie para regresar al Congreso.

“El ministro Carlos Furche (de Agricultura) ya está avisando que tiene lista una nueva ‘Ley Monsanto’”, reveló.

En relación a la participación de Muñoz en un evento financiado por Rockefeller, Sepúlveda indicó que eso “es coherente con el comportamiento de este gobierno, que está claramente del lado del empresariado nacional y de las transnacionales”, ya que “todas las ventajas siempre han estado dadas a los inversores, con la construcción de que no hay desarrollo si no hay inversión, sin preocuparse de lo que eso significa en términos de los derechos de los pueblos, tanto indígenas como de las comunidades que viven en los territorios que son impactados por estas inversiones”.

En abril de este año, el Relator Especial ONU sobre Desechos Tóxicos, Baskut Tuncak, dijo que “tanto TPP como TTIP, en Europa, son acuerdos del siglo XXI que van a eliminar obstáculos al comercio, pero que abrirán paso a efectos gravísimos para la población”, sobre todo en el primer caso, donde se ha vulnerado el derecho a consulta previa contemplado en el artículo 6 del Convenio 169 de la OIT para pueblos indígenas.


Matías Rojas | El Ciudadano


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