Presidente Boric: ¡Retire el TPP11 del Senado!
Sr. Gabriel Boric, Presidente de la República
Estimado Presidente
Nos dirigimos a Ud como Plataforma Chile Mejor sin TLC, para señalar el único camino que puede Ud. transitar en medio de la furiosa embestida de la derecha y los grupos económicos. Ese camino le permitiría conservar apoyo y respeto en su base social de jóvenes, ecologistas, feministas, trabajadores y antifascistas, entre otros, así como en la coalición Apruebo Dignidad y su programa. Todos ellos lo llevaron a la Presidencia. El retiro inmediato del Proyecto CPTPP del Senado, haciendo uso de la facultad presidencial conferida por el Artículo 132 del Reglamento del Senado, es la vía ineludible que señalamos, para no actuar como un cómplice pasivo de un senado que mayoritariamente legisla a espaldas de las demandas populares y en favor de los grandes grupos económicos.
Esa decisión sería coherente con las declaraciones formuladas por Ud. en el sentido que el TPP11 no era parte de su programa y su gobierno no lo impulsa. Ha agregado Ud. que debe velar por los intereses de Chile, pero el TPP11 es prioridad de los grandes grupos empresariales y corporaciones transnacionales. Pretender asegurar la inversión a costa de garantías infinitas a las corporaciones, y de recortar el espacio soberano del Estado para llevar adelante las políticas públicas que necesitamos en educación, previsión, ambiente, salud, y semillas, entre otras, es comprometer nuestro futuro, ignorar las demandas sociales pendientes desde el estallido social y también obviar el inexorable avance de la crisis ecológica.
El texto del TPP-11 está CERRADO y VIGENTE para los 7 países que ya son parte. Ninguna carta o anexo modifica las cláusulas del tratado que benefician a las grandes corporaciones extranjeras y reducen el rango de acción del Estado en sus políticas soberanas. El Artículo 30.1 del CPTPP señala claramente ‘Los Anexos, Apéndices y notas a pie de página de este Acuerdo constituirán una parte integral de este Acuerdo’, y no menciona cartas complementarias o laterales.
Respecto de los intereses de Chile, nos remitimos a lo planteado en la carta (sin respuesta) “Escucha Boric” enviada a Ud. en junio de este año y suscrita por más de 149 organizaciones, Cancillería declinó participar en nuestra Primera Cuenta Pública sobre los tratados de libre Comercio el pasado 4 de agosto. No hay espacios participativos incidentes y sólo sino informaciones de prensa para las decisiones de personeros del gobierno sobre política comercial.
Pero el gobierno debe sopesar que con el TPP11 vigente, tendrá menos presupuesto para gasto social. Deberá reservar sumas millonarias para el pago de demandas interpuestas por transnacionales ante indicios de reformas en temas previsionales, tributario, o de royalties, recuperación del agua o normas eventuales de una futura constitución. Según el capítulo sobre inversión, estas se verán como “expropiación” y/o causal de demanda por afectar la “expectativa razonable de ganancia” . Recordamos que ya existen 5 demandas por políticas públicas adoptadas en pandemia, una de ellas relacionada con el retiro del 10%.
El argumento de que el TPP11 asegura crecimiento no tiene fundamento. En los últimos 10 años las tasas han sido negativas en la balanza comercial, por eso se habla sólo de ventajas “marginales”, dado que además, el tratado es innecesario pues con los países miembros ya hay tratados y rebaja de aranceles. Pero se perpetuará el rol de Chile como exportador de materias primas, dadas las restricciones impuestas por los inversores para transferir tecnología y/o crear empresas estatales en un área relacionada por ej. con la explotación del litio o la creación de servicios públicos a fin de recuperar el agua. Las pymes se verán en desventaja en las compras públicas, frente a transnacionales favorecidas por el principio de “no discriminación” incluido en el tratado, que sólo aportará más empleo precario.
Los megaproyectos que esperan desarrollar los inversores nos aseguran más sequía y saqueo; agotando y contaminando las escasas fuentes de agua. Es un futuro sombrío para l@s jóvenes, cada vez más conscientes de la necesidad de actuar frente a la crisis climática global y nacional.
Su gobierno, Presidente, debiera considerar además que para la gran mayoría de nuestro pueblo los alimentos seguirán subiendo de precio, pues se priorizará la agroexportación. A ello se suma la privatización de la semilla y riesgos para la semilla tradicional y la biodiversidad, por los compromisos derivados del convenio UPOV 91, y en los hogares , un menú con transgénicos en la mesa, cultivados con plaguicidas peligrosos y cancerígenos. Las tareas de cuidado de las mujeres que sostienen mayoritariamente la vida, se harán aún más difíciles de llevar adelante.
Por otra parte, muchos proyectos se localizan en territorios indígenas, y su gobierno al igual que los de los ex presidentes Piñera y Bachelet, está obviando la consulta indígena indicada por el convenio 169. Habrá nuevas demandas por infringir derechos garantizados por tratados internacionales ya suscritos por el Estado de Chile.
Los medicamentos serán más caros, y se fortalecerá el monopolio de las empresas farmacéuticas transnacionales por la extensión de sus patentes, que postergará la fabricación de nuevos fármacos genéricos para enfermedades catastróficas o consideradas “raras”. Alertamos que la suscripción del TPP11 pondrá en riesgo conquistas laborales fundamentales, como el posnatal, o las vacaciones pagadas.
Por todo ello reiteramos que el único camino viable es el retiro del TPP11 del Senado. Lo demás son sólo intentos de encubrir las implicancias de haber en los hechos impulsado un tratado que pone una camisa de fuerza a los cambios.
Con atentos saludos de
Lucía Sepúlveda y Esteban Silva, voceros de la Plataforma Chile Mejor sin TLC
23 de septiembre, 2022
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