TPP-11: El tratado de las grandes corporaciones transnacionales
por Esteban Silva
El 6 de noviembre, luego de más de ocho meses desde su suscripción por el ejecutivo, el gobierno de Sebastián Piñera envió finalmente para su tramitación en el Congreso el Tratado Transpacífico conocido como TPP-11.
Este Tratado multilateral ha sido considerado por movimientos sociales y de trabajadores como el peor Tratado de Libre Comercio de la historia. Desde la Plataforma de organizaciones Chile Mejor sin TLC, sostenemos que el Tratado transpacífico es la expresión más extrema de cómo las grandes corporaciones transnacionales pueden usar a los gobiernos y a las democracias liberales como meros instrumentos de su voluntad, transversalmente, valiéndose para ello de la completa y total desinformación de las fuerzas políticas, del parlamento y del conjunto la ciudadanía sobre los alcances e impactos negativos de este Tratado multilateral.
El peso e influencia de las Corporaciones Transnacionales sobre los gobiernos participantes en la generación y negociación de contenidos del TPP fue incontrarrestable. En general 51 de las 100 economías más grandes del mundo son corporaciones. En este contexto financiero y de dominio económico, las empresas transnacionales mantienen el 90 por ciento de todas las patentes de tecnología y productos en el mundo, y participan con el 70 por ciento del comercio mundial. El número de empresas transnacionales en el mundo saltó de 7.000 en 1970 a 40.000 en 1995. La casa matriz de las corporaciones se concentra por lo general en el norte hemisférico, en países industrializados donde están basados 90 por ciento del total. De éstos, más de la mitad provienen de Francia, Alemania, Holanda Japón y Estados Unidos (1).
En el ámbito político, el TPP (desde su origen como en su versión final que es en esencia la misma) ha sido rechazado amplia y sistemáticamente por las fuerzas y movimientos progresistas de los países involucrados:
“El Tratado Transpacífico se ha negociado a espaldas de nuestros pueblos y de las organizaciones populares y ciudadanas. Esta negociación se efectuó en un completo secretismo con cláusulas de confidencialidad que impiden que se conozca sus contenidos esenciales y sus verdaderos alcances e impactos negativos sobre nuestros pueblos, economías, industrias y producciones nacionales, afectando severamente nuestra soberanía económica y debilitando los actuales procesos económicos políticos e institucionales de integración de América Latina y el Caribe. Cada uno de los Capítulos del TPP no solo tendrán consecuencias económicas, productivas y culturales, sino que amarran o subordinan a nuestros países a modelos de “desarrollo” neoliberal transnacionalizado, subordinando y comprometiendo nuestras soberanías y haciendo extremadamente difícil cualquier cambio o decisión soberana que nuestros pueblos asuman en el futuro”.(2)
“Tanto la Alianza del Pacifico como el TPP buscan impulsar los Tratados de Libre Comercio (TLC) con los países de la cuenca del Pacífico, que han tenido hasta ahora resultados nefastos para nuestros pueblos. Se trata de una creación de los gobiernos de EUA y de las potencias imperialistas que buscan dividir la integración económica, comercial, política y cultural de los pueblos latinoamericanos y caribeños, expresada en los diferentes procesos propios de Nuestra América. El FSP rechaza estas dos formas de subordinación a las grandes potencias.” (3)
En Chile rechazar el TPP11 constituye un deber patriótico, pues si el Congreso aprueba el Tratado constituiría una nueva perdida de nuestra ya menguada soberanía económica como país, ya que profundizaría la condición dependiente que nos ha impuesto la profusa cadena de Tratados de Libre Comercio (TLC’S) suscritos por Chile. Si se aprueba el TPP, será aún más difícil cualquier transformación soberana que queramos hacer en política económica y social. Las empresas y corporaciones transnacionales podrán demandar al Estado de Chile y perseguir indemnizaciones ante cualquier proyecto de Ley soberano (Por ejemplo, un nuevo sistema previsional que termine con las AFP) que consideren pueda afectar ahora o en el futuro sus intereses y expectativas de ganancia.
(1) Oscar Ugarteche, Arquitectura Financiera Internacional. Una Genealogía (1850-2015). México, Ediciones Akal/Inter Pares, 2018. pp. 306
(2) “ NO al Tratado Transpacífico (TPP) por un Comercio justo y la integración de América Latina” del 1 de agosto del 2015 en Ciudad de México. Declaración conjunta, Chile: Movimiento del Socialismo Allendista-MDP, Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria, Partido Humanista, Revolución Democrática. Colombia: Partido Alianza Verde, Partido Comunista, Marcha Patriótica, Presentes por el Socialismo, Coordinadora Socialista. México: Partido de la Revolución Democrática, Partido del Trabajo. Perú: Partido Socialista, Partido Comunista Patria Roja, Ciudadanos por el Cambio, Partido del Pueblo.
(3) Resolución Final suscrita por dirigentes de más de 100 partidos y movimientos de la izquierda Latinoamérica y el Caribe, integrantes del Foro de Sao Paulo, reunidos en su XXI Encuentro en Ciudad de México el 1 de agosto del 2015.
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Esta es mi opinión: En este se ven los verdaderos patriotas, Monsanto cree que todo es economía, nos engaña, nos utiliza y cree que somos como los demás corruptos y desalmados, somos un pueblo jamás conquistado por nuestras venas corre sangre noble, valiente, guerrera araucana, no nos amilanamos ante nadie, demostremos nuestra herencia en nuestros corazón, defendamos lo que es justo como siempre lo hemos hecho digamos: No al invasor moderno, hagamos escuchar a nuestra nación una vez más… ¡¡¡No a Monsanto, No al TPP!!! y Aunque se vea subversivo soy alguien que tiene sangre en las venas y soy un rebelde por las causas justas.
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