Declaración Pública | Chile mejor sin TPP enfrentará perjuicios de tratados de libre comercio y cambia su nombre a Chile mejor sin TLC
La plataforma que aglutina a más de 120 organizaciones sociales decidió rebautizarse, ya que actualmente no solo el TPP amenaza la soberanía nacional y los derechos humanos, sino que el “libre comercio” materializado en tratados en pro de la liberalización de la economía y la privatización de los servicios públicos.
Chile Mejor sin TPP surgió en 2015 ante la necesidad de evidenciar las implicancias de la política comercial que adoptó Chile durante la dictadura cívico-militar y que ha sido profundizada por los gobiernos de la Nueva Mayoría y el periodo presidencial de Sebastián Piñera. Específicamente, las consecuencias del Acuerdo Transpacífico, “tratado de segunda generación”, que pretende fortalecer la desregulación y liberalización de nuestras economías en favor de las grandes corporaciones transnacionales y de la inversión privada internacional.
Paulina Acevedo del Observatorio Ciudadano considera que “el TPP, que el gobierno intenta tozudamente reflotar tras la salida de Estados Unidos de este mega acuerdo comercial, forma parte de una nueva generación tratados que buscan establecer principios generales que van más allá de los marcos establecidos para el comercio internacional, imponiendo normas desmedidas en favor de las grandes trasnacionales, poniendo en serio riesgo la esfera de lo público y creando sus propios tribunales para resolver controversias, lo que representa una grave amenaza para los derechos humanos, la soberanía de los Estados y su capacidad de garantizar estos derechos a la población, como ha sido constatado por diversos relatores espaciales de Naciones Unidas”.
Acevedo recuerda que lo anteriormente descrito fue reconocido por la propia directora general de la Direcon, Paulina Nazal, durante su reciente cuenta pública, al sostener que los principios que formaban parte del TPP serán los que marcarán las negociaciones que Chile sostendrá de aquí en adelante.
La periodista agregó que “se trata por tanto de una amenaza que hoy se extiende a los distintos tratados que Chile negocia secreto, como el Acuerdo sobre Comercio de Servicios, TiSA por su sigla en inglés, y que nos llevan hoy a ampliar nuestra acción a todos los acuerdos actuales y venideros que comprometan nuestros derechos, soberanía de los pueblos y bienestar”
Chile tiene 26 acuerdos comerciales vigentes, siendo el país con más tratados de libre comercio en el mundo, y actualmente el gobierno de turno no solo se encuentra negociando el controversial TPP sino que un número significativo de acuerdos encabezado por el ministro de Relaciones Exteriores, Heraldo Muñoz.
Los TLC son mucho más que comercio entre países, incluyen en sus páginas capítulos de liberalización en el sector de servicios, en propiedad intelectual y ofrecen condiciones de privilegio a los inversores extranjeros. Las consecuencias en la vida cotidiana son rotundas, el aumento del precio de los medicamentos, la privatización de los servicios públicos como el agua potable y la educación, la limitación en el acceso a Internet, entre otros. El efecto final es la desregulación del sector privado y la reducción de la presión fiscal sobre las empresas.
Entre ellos destaca el Acuerdo sobre Comercio de Servicios, que según el sitio web de la Direcon tiene por objetivos la liberalización y facilitación del comercio de servicios y en su negociación “participan 23 miembros de la Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC), equivalentes a 50 países (28 Estados de la Unión Europea) y que responden por el 70% del comercio mundial de servicios”.
El TISA responde a la agenda de privatización promovida por las grandes empresas transnacionales del sector de los servicios públicos como la educación, el transporte público, la salud, el suministro de energía, la distribución postal, las telecomunicaciones, el saneamiento, los servicios de construcción, el transporte aéreo y marítimo, el comercio electrónico, entre otros. Cabe recordar que en Chile muchos servicios ya han sido privatizados, como es el caso de la red de saneamiento y suministro de agua potable.
Según Fernando Cursan, secretario nacional y presidente de la V región de la Confederación Nacional de la Salud Municipal (Confusam), con el TiSA el sistema público cambiaría tremendamente. Preocupación que viene desde la década de los 90 en la que se cuestionaba la modernización y la flexibilización en materia de la administración pública, que no era más que buscar prestación de servicios privados y generar inestabilidades.
“Con el TiSA lo único que se busca es fomentar, desde el contexto legal, generando inestabilidad en todos los servicios, condiciones aún más precarias para los trabajadores y se entregaría el servicio público al mercado a través de concesiones, y la experiencia en esa materia no sólo en el sector de la salud o de los servicios básicos, ha sido sumamente traumática y la han tenido que pagar todos los chilenos, no solo por el valor de la misma prestación, sino que también las pagamos porque lo que se pretende es generar utilidad y nosotros en el servicio público no buscamos utilidades financieras sino que un buen servicio” afirmó Cursan.
Tras este diagnóstico la organización consideró necesario ampliar la perspectiva no solo difundiendo los efectos del TPP, sino que de todos los acuerdos en vigencia, suscritos y/o en proceso de negociación. Por eso desde ahora la plataforma pasará a llamarse Chile Mejor sin TLC.
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