Declaraciones

Declaración Pública: Ojo con la Trampa constituyente del congreso

Como Plataforma Chile Mejor sin TLC, alertamos al pueblo movilizado y reprimido, que la ley aprobada por el congreso para posibilitar el plebiscito, metió de contrabando en su artículo 135, disposiciones especiales  para impedir el cambio de modelo económico, y permitir que hasta el fin de la Constituyente el Congreso siga legislando y pueda aprobar el TPP11 u otros tratados de Libre Comercio. Eso imposibilitará avanzar al fin de las AFP, y a la desprivatización de la salud, la educación y el agua, hitos básicos para avanzar en igualdad de derechos en un país atravesado por la inequidad y los privilegios del 1% que concentra el poder y la riqueza, así como por el desmedido lucro de las empresas transnacionales. Desde el  Gobierno y parlamento se perpetró esta trampa ignorando a las y los muertos, mutilados, violados, desaparecidos y prisioneros políticos del pueblo movilizado y hoy pretenden detener el despertar, descargando una vez más la represión sobre las y los estudiantes secundarios. Las leyes que tienen este grado de ilegitimidad no pueden sostenerse en el tiempo.

El artículo 135 no figuraba en el llamado Acuerdo de Paz y fue redactado por la Comisión Técnica de los partidos firmantes, debido a sus desacuerdos previos sobre estos puntos. El artículo 135, clave para blindar los cambios y proteger el modelo neoliberal, fue aprobado por todos los partidos del Acuerdo, silenciándose hasta hoy todo debate sobre esas Disposiciones Especiales  de la Ley de Reforma Constitucional.

Las disposiciones especiales  establecen que el texto de la nueva constitución deberá respetar “las sentencias judiciales firmes y ejecutoriadas y los tratados internacionales ratificados por Chile y que se encuentren vigentes”. Asimismo dispone que mientras no entre en vigencia la nueva constitución, la Convención no podrá “negarle autoridad (a la antigua constitución del 80)…ni intervenir ni ejercer ninguna otra función o atribución de otros órganos o autoridades establecidas en esta Constitución o las leyes.”

El rango constitucional de los  Tratados de Derechos Humanos, están claros tanto por el derecho internacional como por la práctica legislativa. Pero este artículo pretende que los tratados de libre comercio alcancen también ese rango, al incorporarlos en esta ley de Reforma Constitucional. Eso significa que Chile podrá ser demandado ante paneles internacionales  vinculados a las corporaciones si estas alegan que sus intereses están siendo lesionados. Ello imposibilita que los constituyentes dicten normas estableciendo criterios como la evaluación integral de los tratados mediante auditorías ciudadanas, y la moratoria a todo nuevo tratado de libre comercio,  en especial del TPP11. 

Complicidad con transnacionales

El  Congreso se arrogó la facultad de proteger la inversión de las corporaciones trasnacionales de los sectores claves, al darle rango constitucional a los tratados de libre comercio. Así busca blindar por esa vía, la esencia del modelo extractivista y privatizador que ha destruido territorios y  secado Chile, saqueando los bienes comunes y desindustrializando al país.

Hablar de que hay una “hoja en blanco” para los constituyentes es una falsedad, tanto por este artículo, como porque la exigencia de contar con 2/3 para aprobar las normas deja a firme las leyes actuales, en caso de que la minoría bloquee los cambios. Las leyes más importantes deben figurar en la constitución, que fijará también las normas para reformarla. 

Las dos fórmulas, Convención Mixta o Convención Constituyente a las cuales se convoca para cambiar la constitución, constituyen un poder Constituyente delegado y no un poder constituyente originario desde el pueblo soberano, como sería una Asamblea Constituyente, pues hay que recordar que a diferencia de otros procesos constituyentes, si una minoría bloquea un cambio, como ocurrió con el agua como derecho humano en el Senado, triunfarán los poderosos de siempre, porque ello no será llevado a plebiscito al final del proceso, lo cual implica una nueva violación de la soberanía popular.

No pueden alegar ignorancia los parlamentarios.  La académica de la Universidad de Chile, Claudia Iriarte expuso en la comisión de constitución de la Cámara, citando el artículo 5 de la constitución pinochetista vigente. Expresó que de allí se ha recogido el planteo de “bloque de constitucionalidad” para los tratados de derechos humanos, lo cual es válido por su naturaleza y la doctrina internacional de derechos humanos, pero NO se ha hecho ese debate respecto de los tratados de libre comercio. Por tanto señaló la experta, este artículo es inconstitucional.  No es posible que los legisladores estén determinando a priori lo que va a decidir la constituyente puesto que ellos son un poder delegado, un poder derivado sin atribuciones para ello.

Sin garantías constitucionales

Como Plataforma Chile Mejor sin TLC no podemos sino coincidir con lo anterior y con el enfoque del recurso de protección de garantías constitucionales interpuesto en la Corte de Apelaciones  el 17 de diciembre pasado por el abogado Hernán Montealegre, Director del Instituto Internacional de Derechos Humanos, y también constitucionalista. El recurso solicita invalidar el acuerdo y sus derivados, por  la vulneración de la soberanía popular, un derecho humano del pueblo. El representa al historiador Sergio Grez, y a un grupo de profesores e integrantes de No Más AFP, contra los presidentes de la DC, Fuad Chaín; del PS, Álvaro Elizalde; de la UDI, Jacqueline Van Rysselbergue; de RD,  Catalina Pérez; del PPD, Heraldo Muñoz; Mario de RN Mario Desbordes; del PL Luis Felipe Ramos; de Evópoli Hernán Larraín, de Comunes Javiera Toro, del PR Carlos Maldonado, y el diputado de CS, Gabriel Boric. Los miembros de la comisión Técnica del Acuerdo por la Paz designados por esos partidos son, según el recurso, Isabel Aninat, Alejandra Zúñiga Fajuri, María Cristina Escudero, Claudia Heiss, Pamela Figueroa, José Francisco García, Gabriel Osorio, Arturo Fermandois, Luis Sepúlveda, Ernesto Silva, Sebastián Soto, Emilio Oñate, David Huina, Sebastián Aylwin y Gastón Gómez

Usurpadores

Se destaca ante la Corte el contraste entre el  inédito proceso constituyente en curso ya, “en asamblea, masiva y pacíficamente, sin armas, mediante el pleno respeto y ejercicio de los derechos fundamentales”,   y “el acuerdo por la paz y la nueva Constitución que es un acuerdo privado entre algunos personeros que comparecen como agentes oficiosos de algunos partidos políticos” los cuales además están notoriamente desacreditados y deslegitimados masivamente, usurpando ahora la soberanía popular.

Luciana Ghiotto, de América Latina Mejor sin TLC,  académica de la Universidad Nacional de San Martín de Buenos Aires (Diario U. Chile) ha planteado asimismo que  el modelo económico chileno está sustentado legalmente y jurídicamente sobre la existencia de todos estos tratados que blindan el proceso de privatización, de apertura económica y de desregulación.

Desde Chile Mejor sin TLC llamamos a todas y todos a seguir ejerciendo la soberanía popular en sus territorios, desarrollando el proceso constituyente autónomo y generando las condiciones para revertir los candados impuestos por el Congreso a las justas demandas del pueblo. Requerimos romper esas ataduras del extractivismo patriarcal y depredador para dar paso a la construcción del Chile que necesitamos. El planeta, América Latina y nuestros territorios nos convocan a un cambio total de paradigma para caminar juntos a un mejor vivir.

¡Inscribamos la Moratoria a los TLCs en  la Constituyente Popular, Plurinacional y Feminista!

¡Exijamos Auditoría Ciudadana Integral de los tratados de Libre Comercio!

 

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