TLC Chile-Brasil: otro tratado en secreto para favorecer a las transnacionales
1- En total secretismo, los gobiernos de Chile y Brasil han avanzado durante este año en una negociación para la firma de un tratado de libre comercio. Asombra la rapidez con que avanzaron las conversaciones y la total ausencia de las dirigencias políticas, de la ciudadanía organizada y de la opinión pública de nuestros países en la discusión.
2- La situación actual de ambos países es muy distinta, pero probablemente empezará a converger. Mientras Brasil ha tenido una política sostenida de fortalecimiento de la industria interna y un rol fuerte del Estado en la sociedad, Chile es uno de los países más abiertos del mundo a la inversión extranjera, sobre la base de un Estado subsidiario. La firma de este tratado y las declaraciones del entorno del presidente electo, Jair Bolsonaro, hacen prever que se quiere transitar al extremo del modelo neoliberal chileno.
3- Aunque nadie conoce el texto, salvo los equipos negociadores que no responden a ninguna tutela política, podemos señalar de antemano que este tratado será calcado al TLC entre Chile y Argentina, el que a su vez es muy parecido al TLC entre Chile y Uruguay. Estos tres pasos sucesivos forman parte de la llamada eufemísticamente “convergencia entre el Mercosur y la Alianza del Pacífico”, pero que en realidad es la desaparición del primer bloque y la incorporación de sus países a la lógica desregulatoria y protectora de la inversión del segundo bloque.
4- Esto supone, en primer lugar, que se presenta a los tratados como “modernizaciones” de las políticas públicas, pero solo para aumentar garantías al inversor.
5- En segundo lugar, se incorporan capítulos de género, pymes, desarrollo y laboral, pero estos cuatro capítulos no tienen ningún contenido vinculante, por lo que podemos adelantar que serán cáscaras vacías.
6- En tercer lugar y en cambio, estos tratados sí contienen los nuevos temas regulatorios que atacan la capacidad de los Estados para regular, a través del mecanismo de «buenas prácticas regulatorias». Esto es impulsado por la OCDE e implica una intervención en el propio proceso de toma de decisiones de los Estados, ya que avala la participación de las empresas y de otros Estados en futuras decisiones sobre derechos (humanos, medioambientales, laborales), ya que podrían ser identificadas como atentatorias contra el inversor.
7- Los tratados de libre comercio tienen como principal consecuencia la reducción de la soberanía política de los pueblos y mejores condiciones para el capital trasnacional. No queremos que ésa sea la forma de la supuesta unión entre Brasil y Chile, puesto que de esta forma solo perderán los pueblos. Nos oponemos tajantemente.
Plataforma Chile Mejor sin TLC – Chile
Red Brasileña para la Integración de los Pueblos, REBRIP – Brasil
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