Organizaciones sociales cuestionan que Cancillería no contara con informes para medir supuestos beneficios del TPP
Rechazan además que el Parlamento no pueda modificar el texto del acuerdo, transformándose en una instancia meramente plebiscitaria, que no se contemple consulta indígena y la modificación de normativa interna.
Por Paulina Acevedo Menateau, 14 de octubre de 2015
Representantes de la Plataforma Chile Mejor Sin TPP se reunieron esta tarde con el director de la Dirección General de Relaciones Económicas Internacionales (DIRECON), Andrés Rebolledo, para solicitar el texto completo del acuerdo alcanzado el pasado 05 de octubre y manifestarle los cuestionamientos que esta instancia social y ciudadana tiene en torno a cómo se han llevado adelante las negociaciones.
Si bien Rebolledo expresó que se encuentran “tranquilos, pues creemos que llegamos a un acuerdo favorable y balanceado”, a la vez reconoció que Cancillería no realizó un informe concluyente para medir los impactos del TPP y los supuestos beneficios económicos que éste reportaría al país, contando solo con algunas “minutas” en estos años de negociaciones.
Al respecto Carlos Figueroa, miembro de la Plataforma y experto en relaciones internacionales, sostuvo que «la reunión ha confirmado nuestros temores. El TPP, cuyos textos serían en principio liberados la semana entrante, no se muestra como un tratado beneficioso para el país, ni siquiera evaluado en profundidad. Prueba de ello es que el mismo director reconoció que no se había hecho ningún estudio por parte de la Cancillería para evaluar los impactos en la economía y los servicios chilenos, y que todos los estudios a la vista provenían de instituciones americanas. Esto, además de una irresponsabilidad, desmiente el hecho de que haya certeza de que Chile estará mejor con el TPP”.
Figueroa alertó del mal precedente que sienta la forma en que se ha tramitado el TTP, en un país que posee 24 TLC con 63 países, “el cual no compartimos y que no queremos se siga implementando a futuro”. Aclarando que “este proceso de negociación secreta sienta un precedente antidemocrático para los futuros tratados, donde se negociará a puerta cerrada normativas de alto impacto, como en las áreas de la salud o la propiedad intelectual. Nosotros no validamos el proceso de este tratado ni los resultados inciertos de su beneficio para Chile”.
Derechos humanos
La reunión demostró a su vez que existió nula consideración a los derechos humanos y las obligaciones a las que el Estado está supeditado en virtud de los tratados internacionales que ha suscrito en la materia, y que su consulta a pueblos indígenas, como obliga el Convenio 169 de la OIT, es algo que “tendremos que analizar en Chile, qué implica eso a nivel interno”, señaló.
“Llama la atención que el director de DIRECON no tenga claro cuales son los alcances de los tratados de derechos humanos que deben guiar las actuaciones del Estado y que tienen el mismo valor que el tratado económico que se quiere suscribir, como es el caso del Convenio 169, que establece el deber de consulta previa a pueblos indígenas cuando existen afectación directa a sus derechos, cual es el caso, como le indicamos, de los proyectos de inversión que se desarrollan en territorios indígenas y que este acuerdo involucra”, sostuvo José Aylwin, co director del Observatorio Ciudadano.
A juicio de Aylwin, no existe tampoco claridad de la existencia en el TPP de cláusulas de estabilización, contempladas en otros tratados, que permiten a los inversionistas a recurrir contra los estados cuando estos ven amenazados sus intereses económicos. “Estas cláusulas impiden a los estados realizar transformaciones normativas, en materias tan relevantes como salud, medio ambiente o ámbitos laborales. No siendo (Rebolledo) preciso en señalar si éstas existen en este caso, pues el TPP ha sido negociado bajo las mismas condiciones de anteriores tratados”. Recordando además que el gobierno “al anunciar un Plan Nacional de DDHH, este debe ceñirse a lo establecido por los Principios Rectores de Naciones Unidas sobre Empresas y Derechos Humanos, que establecen el deber de velar porque los acuerdos comerciales que suscriban los estados no vulneren estos derechos, como harían estas cláusulas”, concluyó.
Tramitación parlamentaria
Tras el acuerdo alcanzado el pasado 05 de octubre por los 12 países que forman parte del TPP, se abre ahora la tramitación parlamentaria de su texto. Si bien Rebolledo sostuvo que el “test democrático (del TPP) tendrá que jugarse en el congreso”, fue claro a su vez en afirmar que “no podrán hacer modificaciones” al mismo, constituyendo un mero trámite plebiscitario en que los parlamentarios tendrán que limitarse a aprobarlo en forma integral o rechazarlo, argumentando que “eso es parte del ordenamiento institucional que tiene Chile y no podemos cambiarlo, al menos con esta Constitución”.
Ante estos planteamientos Paul Floor, asesor de la diputada Camila Vallejo, expresó además su preocupación por los plazos para que el Parlamento adopte una decisión, “pues es muy probable que el gobierno utilizando la facultad que tiene pongan suma urgencia a su tramitación, y ello implique el tener que aprobarlo o rechazarlo en dos semanas”. Por lo que pidió al director de la DIRECOM “garantizar que se contará con un plazo razonable para poder estudiarlo y medir sus alcances”.
En cuanto a modificaciones a leyes internas producto de este tratado, Rebolledo reconoce que “van a ver algunas cosas que tendremos que mejorar” y que los impactos que estos tratados pudieran tener en otros países de la región, es “una consideración que uno pudiera tener” pero que no ha sido evaluado. Por lo que “el gobierno ha negociado sobre la base de beneficios inciertos o nulos, sin considerar el respeto y solidaridad con otros estados que se pudieran ver afectados por este tratado de libre comercio”, apuntó Floor.
Levantamiento del secreto del acuerdo
De acuerdo a lo informado por Felipe Lopehandía, jefe de la delegación negociadora de Chile, la próxima semana en Japón habrá una reunión presencial de los equipos jurídicos de los 12 países involucrados en el TPP, para hacer los ajustes que sean necesarios. Tras lo cual, aseveró, sería levantado el secreto que existe sobre el texto del Acuerdo.
Asimismo, se informó que los parlamentarios contarán con el texto completo del TPP para su labor legislativa de confirmar o rechazar su adopción, y no con minutas parciales, como ha ocurrido con anteriores tratados. Comprometiéndose a entregar formalmente dicho texto a la Plataforma Chile Mejor Sin TPP, lo cual le fue solicitado mediante carta dirigida al director de DIRECON la semana pasada.
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el TPP es tan positivo para hile ¿porqué se ha gestionado en secreto?
Si la Bacheletti piensa que el pueblo no sabe a que se refiere el TPP que se lo explique ella.