Carta: Estallido social y Covid19 ¿Cómo encuentra al país con más de 28 Tratados de comercio vigente?
Estimadas compañeras y compañeros:
Pensamos que era necesario retomar contacto con las organizaciones que forman parte de Chile Mejor sin TLC a lo largo de Chile porque en estos tiempos complejos es bueno repensar las cuestiones importantes que nos unieron y es relevante seguir organizados y comunicados. Queremos construir entre todos la salida a esta crisis, y evitar que el aislamiento forzoso nos contagie de indiferencia o individualismo.
El día después
Como ustedes recordarán, el estallido social, empezó justo el día después del 17 de octubre, el día en que la Comisión de Constitución del Senado concluyó el análisis del TPP11 y lo aprobaron Harboe, Allamand y Pérez, votando en contra sólo Huenchumilla. El Senado quedó (y sigue) listo para aprobarlo en votación plenaria. Pero el estallido social del 18 de octubre y luego la revuelta popular generalizada, pusieron ante los ojos de todas y todos el carácter del modelo neoliberal y sus efectos en la vida cotidiana. Chile despertó y millones se dieron cuenta de la profunda inequidad social que vivimos, sin previsión digna, sin salud para todos, ni medicamentos, educación, ni salarios decentes. No hay agua ni alimentos sanos para todos, el medio ambiente está destruido y las y los jóvenes sienten que no tienen futuro. Seguimos atados a la herencia de la dictadura, con la Constitución del 80, y endeudados con el CAE y créditos sólo para sobrevivir. No peleábamos por $30, sino por 30 años de abusos, como lúcidamente dijeron los estudiantes secundarios liderando las luchas. Quedó claro para todos el nefasto rol del Congreso, incapaz de legislar para romper este estado de cosas y cómplice de Piñera y todos los gobiernos anteriores. En las grandes ciudades del país, los manifestantes empezaron a vivir la represión que por décadas se ha descargado sobre el pueblo mapuche y en solidaridad con su lucha la bandera mapuche ha estado al tope del caballo en la Plaza Dignidad y en todas las marchas. Las mujeres se tomaron las calles y mostraron la fuerza del feminismo en asambleas territoriales y marchas en todo el país. Se hizo evidente que no éramos el país modelo que mostraba la tele y del que hablaban todas las autoridades cuando nos decían que el TPP permitiría seguir por exitosa senda recorrida desde la firma de los primeros TLCs. 
Poco a poco la consigna #No al TPP-11 se fue incorporando a las demandas sociales expresadas en marchas y muros. Y en la calle, en las marchas y en todos los espacios territoriales en que estuvimos, hicimos ver que la precarización de la vida tiene mucho que ver con los tratados de libre comercio. Los tratados han sido el vehículo usado por las grandes transnacionales y sus socios chilenos, para dejarnos esclavizados en un rol de proveedores de materia prima sin valor agregado y consagrarnos como país extractivista dependiente en todo sentido de las importaciones, un país del cual las grandes corporaciones mineras, de la agroindustria, farmacéuticas y forestales se llevan lo que les interesa, dejando a los territorios sin agua, con suelos empobrecidos por los monocultivos y el uso de agrotóxicos. Planteamos que el TPP-11 es peor que los otros tratados porque es una especie de constitución global cuyo objetivo es perpetuar este modelo, garantizando a toda costa la inversión, sus ganancias y la propiedad intelectual a través de las patentes de los medicamentos y la privatización de bienes comunes como el agua y la semilla. El TPP-11 constituye una camisa de fuerza para impedir los cambios, impediría la desprivatización del agua protegiendo a rajatabla los intereses de las compañías mineras, forestales y la agroindustria por sobre los derechos de los seres humanos y de la naturaleza.
Gobierno y parlamento pactaron para detener el estallido social con el llamado Acuerdo de Paz cocinado a espaldas del pueblo y los movimientos sociales, y hallaron una fórmula para que el cambio de la constitución no cambie la esencia de ese modelo. Es una trampa incluida en la Ley que posibilita el plebiscito. Introdujeron a esa ley un artículo que amarra la validez de los tratados suscritos a la fecha de promulgación de la nueva constitución.
En marzo, el rearme de la movilización y del trabajo por la Asamblea constituyente fue abortado por las medidas adoptadas por el gobierno frente al Corona Virus, que incluyen la cuarentena, el estado de emergencia y el control por los militares. El Covid19 fue la coartada perfecta para imponer el control social y la manipulación por la vía de la reiteración de mensajes de terror, que intentan “proteger” la salud de los chilenos y chilenas con disposiciones que aseguran en primer lugar los negocios e intereses de los grandes grupos económicos chilenos y que muestran que no se trata de un virus “democrático”, porque aquí las víctimas están y estarán entre los más precarizados de los habitantes de Chile.
El virus que ya teníamos
¿Y cómo nos encontró el CoronaVirus Covid19? Somos un país que tiene más de 28 tratados y acuerdos de libre comercio vigentes con países de todo el planeta, y el TPP-11 ad portas.
Somos un país donde el costo de exportar paltas, celulosa, carnes y otros commodities fue dejar sin agua (con escasez hídrica dice el MOP) a 137 comunas. Por eso, de norte a sur del país son 1.043.557 los habitantes de esas comunas que no pueden siquiera cuidarse hoy lavándose las manos frecuentemente. Sobre los migrantes y sus familias, con trabajos precarios o informales, se está descargando con más fuerza el peso de la crisis. Tampoco ellos pueden cuidarse. Desde antes de la crisis la población está endeudada, y ahora hay más cesantes reales y potenciales. Los fondos de los trabajadores en las AFP se los llevó la crisis y las AFP no se inmutaron.
En Chile ya no hay industria textilera ni metalúrgica y se están improvisando mascarillas caseras y respiradores ideados por emprendedores recién surgidos. Las importaciones posibilitadas por los Tratados de Libre Comercio han hecho quebrar la industria nacional y sus escasos remanentes. Lopehandía, hombre de goma de la Concertación y Piñera para los Tratados de Libre Comercio, sigue negociando con la complaciente Unión Europea la reformulación del tratado con Chile y se prepara para lanzar una nueva ronda de negociación en mayo próximo.
El ministro de salud que se jactó de tener la “mejor salud del mundo” presencia impávido el colapso anunciado de los hospitales en regiones y la capital. Los trabajadores de la salud pública carecen de implementos básicos y el Estado debe importar todos los insumos, vacunas y medicamentos a un altísimo costo. La salud preventiva no es priorizada y la ciencia asume un rol desligado del bien público y orientado prioritariamente a requerimientos de la industria. El gobierno se juega por mantener en prisión a los presos políticos de la protesta social y por indultar a los responsables de crímenes de lesa humanidad, con la alegre complicidad del poder judicial que ya partió liberando asesinos y torturadores.
Por otra parte en Chile los molinos tienen que importar cada año casi la mitad de las 2 millones de toneladas de trigo anuales que usan las panaderías para las marraquetas, según ODEPA. Lo mejor de la producción del campo se sirve en las mesas europeas porque se promueve el llamado “encadenamiento productivo” con fines de exportación. Hoy los pequeños campesinos no tienen cómo hacer llegar sus productos a las ciudades en cuarentena, pero el ministro de agricultura dice que no hay de qué preocuparse, mientras la JUNJI deja de dar la alimentación escolar o da raciones irrisorias. Este año, una vez más, JUNJI no cumplió su compromiso oficial de abastecerse en un 15% con productores locales, optando por las grandes empresas.
Chile forma parte de los proveedores de la agroindustria global. Para servir a los consumidores del Norte global, el agronegocio, importa “recursos”, en bosques, selvas y lugares antes no invadidos, generando a escala planetaria las condiciones para la transmisión de diversos virus, desde animales y especies forzadas a ingresar a la cadena alimentaria exportadora. Por décadas comunidades de pueblos originarios han llevado adelante la resistencia al avance del agronegocio, a los monocultivos, la minería y las centrales hidroeléctricas. Ello arranca de su cosmovisión de unidad y respeto a la naturaleza, que incluye la medicina ancestral, entendiendo a la enfermedad como algo que se resuelve también de forma comunitaria. Pero el gobierno y los medios oficiales desconocen – como siempre- el aporte que las comunidades de los pueblos originarios pueden hacer para analizar y revertir las causas de fondo de la pandemia, que tienen que ver con el tipo de relación que entablamos con la naturaleza, explotándola sin tregua. Las decisiones oficiales e inconsultas del deslegitimado gobierno de Piñera no son el camino integral de salida a la pandemia, que requiere esfuerzos de articulación desde abajo y en comunidad. 
Piñera y el mercado disponen que no pueden parar los puertos, ni las minas, o el transporte. Los trabajadores no tendrán protección alguna del Estado; los créditos y los resguardos son para los patrones. En este país “modelo”, se dispuso educación virtual para los niños ignorando que el 40% de los estudiantes no tiene acceso a internet y desoyendo al gremio de la educación. Bajo el COVID19, sigue adelante la construcción de la central Alto Maipo ocultando su relación con el reciente desplome del glaciar Mesón Alto en El Yeso. Y los obreros de la construcción siguen trabajando para las grandes obras inmobiliarias mientras las radios repiten a cada minuto cómo tratar a enfermos en cuarentena. Son instrucciones imposibles de seguir en las minúsculas viviendas sociales o en poblaciones donde cada familia tiene allegados.
Alternativas a los tratados y el extractivismo
Este cuadro fortalece nuestra convicción de que tenemos que lograr la revisión y derogación de todos los Tratados suscritos a la fecha y seguir trabajando por una Asamblea Constituyente Plurinacional popular y soberana, sin trampas, en que las demandas formuladas durante el estallido social y levantadas por los movimientos sociales y de trabajadores desde mucho antes, sean recogidas en la nueva constitución. Sólo así tendremos las bases para salir de este modelo extractivista y comenzar a construir una alternativa en armonía con la naturaleza y en respuesta a las demandas sociales de los y las estudiantes, trabajadores, las mujeres y las disidencias sexuales, las organizaciones de derechos humanos, migrantes, pueblos originarios y el pueblo movilizado.
No volveremos a la “normalidad” previa al estallido social. No aceptaremos que Piñera y el Senado aprueben el TPP-11 en medio o después de la pandemia, ni firmen un nuevo Tratado de Asociación con la Unión Europea. Junto a otras organizaciones territoriales y sectoriales apoyaremos entre tanto toda iniciativa que apunte hacia la instalación de formas diferentes de relación y trabajo que apunten hacia la construcción del buen vivir a nivel local y comunitario, que levanten las autonomías territoriales, la soberanía alimentaria y la solidaridad. ¡Cuéntennos sus experiencias de cuarentena consciente!
Llamamos a todas las organizaciones ligadas a Chile Mejor sin TLC a mantenernos organizados e informados para reinstalar este tema progresivamente en la agenda social, apoyando más que nunca los mercados locales y las iniciativas ligadas a romper con las trabas que el modelo nos impone.
#NoAlTPP11! ¡Por la construcción de un Chile soberano y digno ya!
Chile Mejor sin TLC, 14 abril 2020
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